Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. When you eat, your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose (sugar), which enters your bloodstream. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps move this sugar into your cells. In diabetes, the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t use it properly, leading to high blood sugar levels.
Common Symptoms of Diabetes
Some symptoms may develop gradually and can go unnoticed. Common signs include:
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing wounds
- Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
Types of Diabetes
- Type 1 Diabetes
This is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks its own insulin-producing cells. It often appears in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin therapy. - Type 2 Diabetes
The most common type, usually developed in adulthood. The body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t make enough. It’s strongly linked to obesity, inactivity, and genetics. - Gestational Diabetes
Occurs during pregnancy and usually disappears after childbirth. However, it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later. - Prediabetes
Blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis. It is a warning sign and can often be reversed with lifestyle changes.
Treatment Options
1. Lifestyle Modifications
- Healthy Eating: Focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins.
- Regular Exercise: At least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days.
- Weight Management: Losing even 5–10% of body weight can help.
2. Medications
- Metformin is commonly used for type 2 diabetes.
- Insulin therapy is necessary for type 1 and sometimes for advanced type 2.
- Other drugs include DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists.
3. Blood Sugar Monitoring
Frequent checks help manage diabetes effectively and avoid complications.
4. Managing Complications
Controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and foot care is essential to avoid long-term issues like heart disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage.
